The rapid urbanization in China has led to an escalating problem of air pollution, which significantly impacts the respiratory health of its citizens. This paper investigates the correlation between air pollution levels in urban areas of China and respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory infections. By analyzing data from various sources, including government reports, academic studies, and environmental monitoring agencies, the study reveals the severity of air pollution and its detrimental effects on respiratory health. The findings indicate a direct link between high levels of particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and increased prevalence of respiratory conditions. The paper further discusses the socio-economic factors contributing to air pollution and proposes potential mitigation strategies to improve air quality and reduce the incidence of respiratory diseases in urban China.